The Ashkenaz of the South
The Ashkenaz of the South
Hungarian Jewry in the Long Nineteenth Century
This chapter provides a comparison of the modernization of the Jewish populations within the Polish and Hungarian societies of the long nineteenth century. Before 1919, these two groups formed the two largest Ashkenazi communities in Europe. The geopolitical settings of the two groups within multi-ethnic empires offer obvious parallels, although there were even more marked contrasts, including the special status and semi-autonomous administration of the Hungarian kingdom within the Habsburg empire. After 1867, the Habsburgs began to adopt a federalist and politically liberal policy towards the large Jewish populations in most of its provinces, including those from the former Polish Kingdom of Galicia. Polish Jewry was, in the early modern period, a long-established part of the local population, dwelling both in royal and private towns and on noble estates. Hungarian Jewry, in contrast, derived mostly from relatively recent immigration and was settled, until the period of emancipation, on aristocratic latifundia and, occasionally, royal domains.
Keywords: Polish Jewry, Hungarian Jewry, Ashkenazi communities, Hungarian kingdom, Habsburg empire, Galicia, immigration, Jewish emancipation
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