Economy, Demography and Finance
Economy, Demography and Finance
This chapter examines Peru's economy, demography, and finance in the latter years of the Bourbon monarchy, with some emphasis upon the mining industry owing to its important role in the overall economic life of the Peruvian viceroyalty, along with the manufacturing, agricultural, and commercial sectors. It shows that the viceroyalty as a whole experienced economic development rather than decline after 1750 and argues that expansion of economic activity was constrained not by imperial restructuring during the final decade of Charles III's reign, but by the relatively limited internal demand of a small population as well as isolation from European markets. Crown finances in the late colonial period were also affected to some extent by the size and ethnic composition of the viceroyalty's population.
Keywords: Peru, economy, demography, finance, Bourbon monarchy, mining industry, viceroyalty, economic development, Charles III
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