- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgements
- List of Contributors
- List of Illustrations
- Introduction to Revised Edition
- Introduction
- Achieving Transformational Change<sup>1</sup>
- The Resolution of Armed Conflict: Internationalization and its Lessons, Particularly in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Some Reflections on Successful Negotiation in South Africa<sup>1</sup>
- The Secrets of the Oslo Channels: Lessons from Norwegian Peace Facilitation in the Middle East, Central America and the Balkans<sup>1</sup>
- The Awakening: Irish-America's Key Role in the Irish Peace Process
- ‘Give Us Another Macbride Campaign’:<sup>1</sup> An Irish-American Contribution to Peaceful Change in Northern Ireland
- Towards Peace in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Neither Orange March nor Irish Jig: Finding Compromise in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Mountain-climbing Irish-style: The Hidden Challenges of the Peace Process
- The Good Friday Agreement: A Vision for a New Order in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Hillsborough to Belfast: Is It the Final Lap?<sup>1</sup>
- Defining Republicanism: Shifting Discourses of New Nationalism and Post-republicanism<sup>1</sup>
- Conflict, Memory and Reconciliation
- Keeping Going: Beyond Good Friday
- Religion and Identity in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Getting to Know the ‘Other’: Inter-church Groups and Peace-building in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Enduring Problems: The Belfast Agreement and a Disagreed Belfast
- Appendix 1 The Sunningdale Agreement (December 1973)
- Appendix 2 The Anglo-Irish (Hillsborough) Agreement (November 1985)
- Appendix 3 The Opsahl Commission (June 1993)<sup>1</sup>
- Appendix 4 the Downing Street Joint Declaration (December 1993)
- Appendix 5 The Framework Document (1995)
- Appendix 6 The Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement (April 1998)
- Appendix 7 The Report of the Northern Ireland Victims Commission (Sir Kenneth Bloomfield, 1998)
- Appendix 8 The Patten Report (1999)
- Appendix 9 Review of the Parades Commission (Sir George Quigley, 2002)
- Index
- [UNTITLED]
The Resolution of Armed Conflict: Internationalization and its Lessons, Particularly in Northern Ireland1
The Resolution of Armed Conflict: Internationalization and its Lessons, Particularly in Northern Ireland1
- Chapter:
- (p.25) The Resolution of Armed Conflict: Internationalization and its Lessons, Particularly in Northern Ireland1
- Source:
- The Long Road to Peace in Northern Ireland
- Author(s):
Lord David Owen
- Publisher:
- Liverpool University Press
This chapter examines the idea of internationalizing conflict resolution. It identifies the UK's rejection of external diplomacy until 1994 as a major contributing factor to the excessively long–drawn–out nature of the ‘Troubles’ in Northern Ireland. It examines a number of cases of external interventions in conflict zones, notably in the former Yugoslavia, and suggests some ground rules for such outside involvement. It is argued that any conflict involving ‘ethnic cleansing’ calls for early intervention, without waiting for a perfect solution. The author also recounts his own experience as Britain's navy minister (1968–70), and later as foreign secretary (1977–79), in the handling of the Rhodesian crisis, when he recognized that Britain's sanctions were failing because it was not involving other powers. The same mistake was being made with Northern Ireland, until Margaret Thatcher involved the Irish government with the Anglo–Irish Agreement of 1985, and John Major took the courageous step of involving the United States of America. This belated involvement of the United States was the crucial factor in the peace process.
Keywords: conflict resolution, external diplomacy, Northern Ireland, former Yugoslavia, ethnic cleansing, United States, Rhodesian crisis
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- Title Pages
- Dedication
- Acknowledgements
- List of Contributors
- List of Illustrations
- Introduction to Revised Edition
- Introduction
- Achieving Transformational Change<sup>1</sup>
- The Resolution of Armed Conflict: Internationalization and its Lessons, Particularly in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Some Reflections on Successful Negotiation in South Africa<sup>1</sup>
- The Secrets of the Oslo Channels: Lessons from Norwegian Peace Facilitation in the Middle East, Central America and the Balkans<sup>1</sup>
- The Awakening: Irish-America's Key Role in the Irish Peace Process
- ‘Give Us Another Macbride Campaign’:<sup>1</sup> An Irish-American Contribution to Peaceful Change in Northern Ireland
- Towards Peace in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Neither Orange March nor Irish Jig: Finding Compromise in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Mountain-climbing Irish-style: The Hidden Challenges of the Peace Process
- The Good Friday Agreement: A Vision for a New Order in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Hillsborough to Belfast: Is It the Final Lap?<sup>1</sup>
- Defining Republicanism: Shifting Discourses of New Nationalism and Post-republicanism<sup>1</sup>
- Conflict, Memory and Reconciliation
- Keeping Going: Beyond Good Friday
- Religion and Identity in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Getting to Know the ‘Other’: Inter-church Groups and Peace-building in Northern Ireland<sup>1</sup>
- Enduring Problems: The Belfast Agreement and a Disagreed Belfast
- Appendix 1 The Sunningdale Agreement (December 1973)
- Appendix 2 The Anglo-Irish (Hillsborough) Agreement (November 1985)
- Appendix 3 The Opsahl Commission (June 1993)<sup>1</sup>
- Appendix 4 the Downing Street Joint Declaration (December 1993)
- Appendix 5 The Framework Document (1995)
- Appendix 6 The Good Friday (Belfast) Agreement (April 1998)
- Appendix 7 The Report of the Northern Ireland Victims Commission (Sir Kenneth Bloomfield, 1998)
- Appendix 8 The Patten Report (1999)
- Appendix 9 Review of the Parades Commission (Sir George Quigley, 2002)
- Index
- [UNTITLED]