The Pre-War Years: Cross-Channel Networks, Syndicalism, and the Demise of Internationalism
The Pre-War Years: Cross-Channel Networks, Syndicalism, and the Demise of Internationalism
Anti-anarchist fears abated after 1895, when most of the companions returned to France. The Franco-British anarchist connection remained strong thereafter, but took on a different form, operating through cross-Channel networks (based on the press and private correspondences) rather than direct contact. This network-based activism made up for the enduring failure to set up formal international organisations.Franco-British networks were notably active in promoting formal organisation between French and British anarchists, many of whom became involved in the syndicalist movement. Much was made in France of the lessons drawn from the highly successful if politically conservative British trade union movement. Anarchists and syndicalists were also engaged in international antimilitarist activism, but this multifaceted activism collapsed with the outbreak of the war and the patriotic turn of many companions which durably divided the anarchists.
Keywords: First World War, Antimilitarism, Network, Transfers, Syndicalism, Sabotage, Amiens Charter, Great Labour Unrest
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