The IMM Merger and Further Consolidations in the Shipping Industry
The IMM Merger and Further Consolidations in the Shipping Industry
This chapter examines the International Merchant Marine (IMM) merger and consolidations in the shipping industry and how they affected the transatlantic passenger trade. It offers a close analysis of the strategies utilised by conferences against outside competitor lines; the level of success of the New York Continental Conference in preventing lines from enlarging market shares; the internal relations between conference members and the impact this had on steerage rates; the efforts to rationalise migrant agent networks through conference agreements; and the way the antitrust campaign caught up with the shipping industry during the Progressive Era. It concludes by asserting that conferences were willing to take strong measures to prevent the passage of American laws that might harm their business interests, particularly that of migrant shipping.
Keywords: International Merchant Marine, J. P. Morgan, Cunard Line, Atlantic Conference, Nord Atlantische Dampfer Linien Verband, Shipping Cartels, Russian Transatlantic Migration
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